Nephrology

Renal Transplantation & Multiple Organ Transplantation

Renal Transplantation is the method of treatment where the person in the End Stage Renal Disease. Generally, the initial stages of the disease can be treated and transplantation is done only in the final stage of kidney disease where the kidney cannot perform its function further. In this method, the affected person is treated with the replacement of a healthy kidney. Deceased Donor transplantation is the method where the kidney is transplanted from the died person. In most cases the died individuals are strangers who want to donate the kidney. Transplantation can also be done through living ones which could be genetically related person & different person. While dealing with the immunology, there might the chance of rejection due to incompatibility. Therefore the donor and recipient should be in the ABO blood group and cross-match Human Leucocyte Antigen (HLA) compatible. If a potential living donor is contrary with his/her recipient, the donor could be traded for a good kidney. To reduce the rejection rate during incompatible transplantation, ABO & HLA antibodies are reduced which recipient may have for the donor through desensitization procedure using intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg). In early 1980s experimental protocols were performed for ABO-incompatible transplants using increases amount of immunosuppression drugs. Panel Reactive test is a test which is done to measure the sensitization of the recipients. Multi-organ transplantation is a surgical procedure where multiple organs are transplanted from the healthy single donor through a series of operation. These cases are rare where the recipients have the organ-specific failure and general disorders are considered for the multiple organ transplantation where all other treatment cannot be done to save the person. There are many causes for the failure of the multiple organs finally lead to the need for multiple organ transplants. In the renal disorders, kidney transplant mostly includes transplant of pancreas also due to diabetes which affects the pancreas.