Nephrology

Nephrology

Nephrology deals with the study or analysis of functions of the kidneys, its diseases, infections and treatment of various disorders. In addition to this it also deals with the factors that affect the normal functioning of the kidney and problems that arise due to improper functioning of the kidney. The nephrons present in the Kidneys filter, reabsorb, secrete and excrete the metabolic waste (urea and ammonia) from the blood & regulate osmolality & stimulation of red blood cell production. Kidneys independently participate in the whole-body homeostasis for maintaining acid-base balance, electrolyte concentration & blood pressure. Kidney performs this function with association Endocrine system called “renin-angiotensin-aldosterone” system. Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR) means flow rate of filtered fluid through the kidney. If a person has the GFR less than 15 they need to take dialysis treatment. Kidney releases various hormone including erythropoietin and the enzyme renin. Erythropoietin is released when the tissues have low level of oxygen, which will then stimulate the production of red blood cells in the bone marrow. Activated form of vitamin-D called calcitriol present in the kidney promotes the absorption of calcium in the intestine and renal reabsorption of phosphate.